Is Free Universal Pre-Kindergarten a Prescription for Success?

Some Democrats running for President think so

Democratic politicians want to help ease the burden of childcare

Free universal pre-kindergarten for all three and four year olds is being touted aggressively by two men running for president.  Both Bill deBlasio and Julian Castro propose it.  As mayors of New York City and San Antonio, TX, respectively, they have experience with such programs.  Both men initiated them for four year olds - and both have been considered successful.  Other candidates have expressed interest in universal pre-K, but not as forcefully as Castro and deBlasio.  Elizabeth Warren, Kirsten Gillibrand, John Delaney, and Jay Inslee all want it in some form.

A successful pre-K plan has to both help children get ready for kindergarten and help families save money.  Additionally, it should raise the pay of pre-K teachers.

Publicly funded pre-K would ease the financial burden on families with small children.  For example, The Care Index found that the average cost of care for a four year old in Illinois is $10,414 - about 19% of the median household income, and about 61% of income for a single parent earning a minimum wage.  (The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines affordable child care as being no more than 10% of a family's income.)  (From a New America article titled "Policy Recommendations:  Universal Pre-K" by Abbie Liederman.)

Some would argue that poor families can avail themselves of the Head Start Program, which is available to families living at or below the poverty line, the homeless, any foster child, or families receiving public assistance.  Head Start, though, does not address the pre-K needs of families living much above the poverty line.

Others look to the Head Start Program to argue agains universal pre-K, stating that the benefits gained during the program fade soon after the children enter kindergarten.  In a study  released on 12/20/17 titled "Head Start Programs have Significant Benefits for Children at the Bottom of the Skill Distribution" by Marianne P. Bitler, UC Davis; Hilary Hoynes, UC Berkeley; and Thurston Domina, UNC, sponsored by The Center for Poverty Research at the University of California, Davis, found that while academic results often fade for most children - those who were in the bottom of the "achievement spectrum" seem to  benefit long-term.   There is also a question of whether the disappearing benefit is the fault of Head Start, or of a failing public school education.   And people are just starting to study the apparent positive impact that emerges when former Head Start students become teenagers.

It will be interesting to see if this issue gains traction as the campaign season progresses.  Families with small children will be happy if it does.

The Enthusiasm Gap I see between Elizabeth Warren and Kamala Harris

What my Instagram posts tell me about two of the Democratic candidates for president.

I created five illustrations for a series that I call "Leading Ladies".  I was motivated by a New York

Elizabeth Warren:  "I have a plan for that"

 Times article on the double standard that still forces women to be "likeable" to be elected.

I've posted all five images - of Amy Klobuchar, Nancy Pelosi, the Statue of Liberty, Elizabeth Warren, and Kamala Harris, to my Instagram account.

Kamala Harris promises a fight with Trump

The response has been telling.  Despite the fact that Kamala Harris has more followers than Elizabeth Warren on Instagram (2 million vs. 1.7 million), many fewer people seemed interested in the Kamala Harris illustration than the one of Elizabeth Warren.

A  few groups that support Elizabeth Warren asked for permission to re-post her image.  Once they did, the illustration got quite a few likes, and more requests to re-post.

Despite the fact that the quality is roughly the same for all of the illustrations, and that I specifically used hashtags of artist groups that support Harris, they never liked the post.  In fact, no group supporting her liked the post.  Even Amy Klobuchar's image was liked by her supporters.

My intuition about the enthusiasm gap is just that - intuition.  I don't have enough data points to run a statistical analysis.  Still, I am surprised by the lack of interest from the supporters of Senator Harris.

I "sense", again, I don't "know", that there is an enthusiasm gap between Warren and Harris.  And that gap, if real, is important.

In 2016, my nephew Chris, who lives outside of Cleveland, Ohio (my hometown), told me that he saw many, many more lawn signs supporting Trump than Clinton.  He saw these on the east side of Cleveland, traditionally a liberal part of Ohio.

Again, I don't have enough data to state with conviction that people in Northeast Ohio were more enthusiastic about Trump than Clinton.  Just observation.  And that's where intuition comes from - paying attention to things we see and hear.

Elizabeth Warren' Plan to Relieve Student Loan Debt

Will this Plan Fly?

Elizabeth Warren has a plan to relieve student loan debt

One of the key plans candidate for President Elizabeth Warren has is to forgive student loan debt.  On July 23, 2019, she and Representative James E. Clyburn (D - SC) introduced the "Student Loan Debt Relief Act of 2019".  Warren has been talking about this issue on the trail since April of this year.

Reducing the income gap, especially between white Americans and African Americans, is one of the important goals of this legislation.  According to a 7/23/19 article in Forbes.com by Zack Friedman, the plan would cancel student loan debt for more than 95% of borrowers.  Every student with student loan debt in a household making less than $100,000 per year could see up to $50,000 in student loan debt cancelled.  This amount decreases as household income rises.  No one who lives in a household of $250,000 or more would have their debt cancelled.

Warren's plan raises a lot of questions.  Is it fair to families that have been saving diligently to pay for college for many years?  What are the benefits to the country of such a program, which could significantly raise the federal deficit?  And why is higher education in the US so expensive (on average, Americans spend $30,000 a year on college, almost twice as much as the average in other developed countries - Amanda Ripley, The Atlantic, 9/11/18)?

The arguments for such a plan include that even a small reduction in debt would be beneficial, according to the Center for Responsible Lending, a consumer advocacy group.  Their analysis shows that a $10,000 benefit would totally cancel the federal student-loan debt of 61% of the more than seven million borrowers who are in default on their loans (Jill Berman, 7/24/19, Market Watch).

African Americans, with less income to pay for college than other groups, would benefit.  Not only because their incomes are lower, but because they face more prejudice in securing loans.

The question of fairness to families who have saved for college is key.  One response is that preventing bankruptcies because student loan debt is relieved is good for the economy.  If people don't have to spend so many years re-paying their student loans, they could be buying big ticket items like cars and houses sooner, stimulating the economy.

The last question is why is college in the US so expensive?  A plan to relieve student loan debt doesn't address this issue, but it seem like a big part of the problem.

Amanda Ripley explores this issue in the above-mentioned Atlantic article.  A few reasons seem to have driven up costs.  Americans tend to live at college - their counterparts in other developed nations tend to live at home.  This fact means that more money is spent on housing and food services here than elsewhere.

In an effort to balance their budgets, state governments cut funding to public universities and colleges.  These institutions had to compete to attract wealthy students from abroad and out of state.  Marketing expenses rose dramatically.  Private institutions followed suit, because they were losing applicants to public institutions.  There are other reasons, such as the expenses associated with being an institution that does a lot of research.  Generating lots of research makes a college or university more prestigious, but also more expensive, without necessarily benefiting students.

I believe that something has to be done to relieve student loan debt.  I am not sure if Warren's plan is the best, but she does "have a plan for that", and a pretty well thought out one, too.

Own it Amy!

By now, you would have had to  have lived under a rock to not know about  Amy Klobuchar's l'affaire de la salade.   Amy, as most of us know, was once so angry and hungry that she ate the salad her aide had gotten for her with a comb because he had forgotten to get  her a fork.

At first, I was horrified.  Then, I found the incident hilarious.

I can relate to being really hungry and foul tempered, to having my food tantalizingly close and yet impossible to eat.  I don't think I would have had the chutzpah to grab my comb and use it as a utensil.  But part of me admires her nerve.

Senator Klobuchar does not seem like the most fun boss to work for.  In her defense, I have been a hated boss myself.  A few years ago one of my employees snapped at me because she was bored.  (I am a voting warden, so I work at most a few days a year.)  Handing out ballots and checking off voters is a boring job.  Everyone knows that.  But this woman expected me to read her mind and do something about her ennui STAT!

I have never yelled at an employee, and I don't recommend that anyone do it.

I do suggest that instead of cowering in fear, if you work for Amy Klobuchar, you tell her to knock it off if she crosses a line.  That goes for everyone who works for anybody.  Your boss is human, too, and may well need to be told to behave from time to time.

Not "Likeable" Enough? Too Bad!

I told my daughters on election night 2016 that they would remember the next four years as terrible times, but also, perhaps, as the most exciting times of their lives.  True to my word, the last two plus years have been exciting - full of energy, enthusiasm and creativity.

One of the great developments has been the surge of woman candidates running for office at all levels.  Several are running for president.

As day follows night, though, we see the re-emergence of the trope that women need to be "likeable" to be elected president.  Amy Klobuchar, in particular, has been singled out.  People report that she is a "bad" boss who scares off staff, yells at people, and "throws things".

Though I am not a fan of yelling bosses, my experience with one taught me that not everything is as it appears.  I worked for a woman named Sharyn in the early 1980's in the credit and collections department of a Fortune 500 high tech firm.  When Sharyn found out during my first interview that I was from Ohio, she asked me if I was "square".  My future co-workers warned me about her with advice like "don't cross her", and "be ready for insults".

Sharyn was, indeed, a tough boss.  She was profane, loud and obnoxious.  When she didn't like an idea, no matter whose idea it was, she would often say "You can dress up a bloody corpse and put it in a tuxedo, but it is still a bloody corpse."  She was also charismatic, funny, smart and good at her job.

After I had spent a year doing credit analyses for big contracts, Sharyn promoted me to Supervisor of Accounts Receivables.  Delia, a young woman of Portugese descent, worked for me.  One day, Sharyn make fun of Delia's Portugese background, calling her "Portugee".  I was horrified, Delia was mortified, the rest of the people in the area were embarrassed, and Sharyn was clueless.

Later, Delia told me how upset she was.  "I'll take care of it" I said.  I felt like Dorothy approaching the Wizard of Oz as I walked into Sharyn's office.  "You have to apologize to Delia for the Portugee comment.  She is really upset."

Sharyn got up from her desk to find Delia.  She apologized sincerely, on the spot.  This terrifying woman had enough sense or humility, or both, to make amends immediately.

Sharyn didn't change, though.  She wouldn't change, even after another incident, more serious than anything I had ever experienced.

Cynthia, Sharyn's secretary, started dating John, a co-worker.  After a while they moved in together.  One day, Cynthia came in to work with a black eye, a swollen lip, and bruises on both arms.  When Sharyn asked what happened, she said "John beat me up."

When confronted, John appeared shocked and insulted.  "She beat me up!"  Yet John had no black eye or bruises.  He didn't look cowed and afraid, as Cynthia had.

Sharyn took up the issue with Vic, her boss, with whom she had an adversarial relationship.  Sharyn's
modus operandi was to try to intimidate everyone, including her boss and peers.  Vic had several departments under him, and was not happy to have to deal with Sharyn.  He respected her results, though, and I believe he respected her, too.

Vic interviewed John and Cynthia separately, then fired John and had him escorted out of the building, warning John never to approach Cynthia again, "or else".

Although I was really shaken to see evidence of domestic violence, I was glad  that everyone went to bat for Cynthia.  I think that Sharyn's relentless nature, her advocating for women, and her stubborn refusal to walk away from a fight, created an environment that led Vic to fire John,

Sharyn was both a good boss and a tough boss.  A bad boss is one who blocks your advancement, offers no guidance or support, and sabotages you.  It doesn't matter how "likeable" they are if they aren't on your side.

I don't work for Amy Klobuchar.  I don't know if she is a good boss or a bad one.  But I don't assume that someone is a bad boss because they yell at people, or a good boss because they smile and are likeable.

#MeToo

#MeToo

The recent events in Washington inspired me to create this cartoon.  If there is any good that comes of this sorry time, maybe it is that some  men will start to get it, and lots of women will decide to run for office and change the political dynamics.

Primary time in Massachusetts

If you live in Massachusetts and are registered to vote, please vote in this Tuesday's primary election - September 4.

I am preparing a series of illustrated Public Service Announcements for this primary.  Here is my first one:

Here is a second PSA: